Both the discussion about whether a reference to God should be included in the European Draft Constitution and the debates about whether Turkey is part of a European cultural identity have reminded us of the religious tensions and undercurrents of the European integration project. What is and has been the role of religion in European integration? What role, if any, should it play? This paper sets an exclusivist notion of Christendom against an inclusive reading of Christianity. We show how the most common use of religion in the context of European integration comes in the form of Christendom. In contrast to this use of religion, we argue that the role of Christianity cannot be the legitim[...]